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01 - Thermocouple
Some gas water heaters have a thermocouple. The thermocouple detects the pilot flame. If the thermocouple does not detect a flame, it will prevent the gas valve from opening.
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02 - Incoming Power Problem
On gas water heaters with a power vent the blower assembly is plugged into a 120 volt wall outlet. To confirm there is power at the wall outlet you can plug another working appliance into the outlet. Most electric water heaters require 240 volts to operate. Confirm the breaker is on or the fuses have not blown.
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03 - Tripped Limit Switch or Thermostat
Most limit switches are resettable. If the limit switch or thermostat has a reset button on the back you should be able to reset it. If the button is popped out the limit switch or thermostat has tripped. You can try resetting it by pressing the button. You should hear a click when it resets. You can check the limit switch or thermostat for electrical continuity with a multimeter.
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04 - Pilot
The pilot ignites the water heater’s gas burner. If the pilot does not light, the water heater will not heat. Sometimes, carbon deposits can build up on the pilot and eventually create a restriction. If the pilot is restricted, try removing it and clearing it with a stiff brush and/or compressed air. If the pilot cannot be cleaned, replace it.
Highly Likely
05 - Gas Valve and Thermostat Assembly
The gas valve opens to allow gas to enter the burner. If the gas valve does not open, the burner will not light, and the water heater will not heat. First, ensure that the ignition source is working properly. Second, ensure that the gas valve has pressure. If the ignition source is working, and the gas valve has pressure, consider replacing the gas valve and thermostat.
Highly Likely
07 - Remove flammable vapors from the area
Flammable vapors can be drawn into the water heater from paint cans, staining cans, or fuel containers stored too close to the water heater. This can cause the flammable vapor sensor to trip. Make sure any paint cans or other containers that can produce flammable vapors are stored far away from the water heater and vent the area of the water heater if necessary.
Highly Likely