The blower motor is the component that circulates the air through the home's venting. A defective blower motor may result in the circuit breaker tripping. You can try disconnecting the motor from the control board and see if the breaker still trips. You can also use a multimeter to test the blower motor for an electrical short, or determine if there are any burnt smells coming from the motor. You can also try turning the blower wheel by hand. If the wheel does not turn freely, it's likely the motor bearings have seized. If the motor doesn't turn freely or is shorted, the blower motor will need to be replaced.
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The draft inducer motor draws air into the heat exchanger and then exhausts it out the flue. The pressure switch senses a pressure change and closes a switch to signal the control board that the furnace has proper air flow. If the draft inducer motor is shorted it may trip the circuit breaker when power is sent to it. You can try disconnecting the motor from the control board to see if the circuit breaker still trips. You can also check the motor windings for a short with a multimeter. If the motor windings are shorted or the breaker doesn't trip when its disconnected, the draft inducer motor will need to be replaced.
A wire harness sends power and low voltage signals between the electrical components and the control board. If a wire harness becomes damaged, it can short out causing the circuit breaker to trip. Check the appropriate wire harnesses for breaks or loose connections. A damaged wire harness will need to be replaced.
Over time, circuit breakers can become weak and trip before their rating is reached. Loose or burnt wires connected to the circuit breaker can also cause the breaker to heat up and trip. If the other components of the furnace are functioning properly but the furnace breaker keeps tripping, the circuit breaker may need to be checked and replaced by a licensed technician.
Less Common
05 - Furnace Control Board
The control board regulates the power supply to all of the components of the furnace. If the control board shorts out it can trip the circuit breaker. A shorted control board will usually have burn marks or smell burnt and will need to be replaced.